Impacto de un Programa de Recuperación Funcional en Músculos Ventilatorios y Apendiculares en Pacientes Post-ventilación Mecánica por COVID-19 / Impact of a Functional Recovery Program on Ventilatory and Appendicular Muscles in Patients Post-mechanical Ventilation for COVID-19

Los pacientes con COVID-19 subsidiarios de ventilación mecánica (VM), evolucionan con consecuencias funcionales en la musculatura ventilatoria y apendicular que no necesariamente se abordan de manera diferenciada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de recuperación funcional en estos pacientes y determinar si las intervenciones afectan de manera diferenciada a las funciones ventilatorias y musculatura apendicular, utilizando pruebas de bajo costo. Se evaluaron 47 pacientes con COVID-19 que estuvieron en VM. Posterior a una espirometría basal se les realizó; presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMáx), fuerza de prensión palmar (FPP), prueba de pararse y sentarse (PPS) y Prueba de caminata en 6 minutos (PC6m), antes y después del plan de intervención. Este programa incluyó ejercicios aeróbicos y de fuerza supervisados por dos sesiones semanales de 60 minutos durante 3 meses. Después del programa, se observaron mejoras significativas en la capacidad vital forzada (CVF), el volumen espiratorio en el primer segundo (VEF1) y la PIMáx. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre estas mediciones y la distancia recorrida de la PC6m, la FPP y la PPS. En conclusión, el programa de recuperación funcional en pacientes con COVID-19 que requirieron VM, beneficia tanto la función ventilatoria como la fuerza muscular apendicular. Las pruebas de fuerza muscular apendicular pueden ser útiles para evaluar la recuperación ya que pueden entregar información diferenciada de sus rendimientos. Por último, se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor la respuesta de estos pacientes a la rehabilitación.

SUMMARY: Patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) evolve with functional consequences in the ventilatory and appendicular muscles that are not necessarily addressed in a differentiated manner. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of a functional recovery program in these patients and determine if the interventions differentially affect ventilatory functions and appendicular muscles, using low- cost tests. 47 patients with COVID-19 who were on MV were evaluated. After a baseline spirometry, they were performed; maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), handgrip strength (HGS), sit to stand test (STST) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT), before and after the intervention plan. This program included supervised aerobic and strength exercises for two weekly 60-minute sessions for 3 months. After the program, significant improvements were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC), expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and MIP. Significant relationships were found between these measurements and the distance traveled of the 6MWT, the HGS and the STST. In conclusion, the functional recovery program in patients with COVID-19 who required MV benefits both ventilatory function and appendicular muscle strength. Appendicular muscle strength tests can be useful to evaluate recovery since they can provide differentiated information about your performances. Finally, more research is needed to better understand the response of these patients to rehabilitation.

Films for Wound Healing Fabricated Using a Solvent Casting Technique.

Wound healing is a complex process that involves restoring the structure of damaged tissues through four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Wound dressings are the most common treatment used to cover wounds, reduce infection risk and the loss of physiological fluids, and enhance wound healing. Despite there being several types of wound dressings based on different materials and fabricated through various techniques, polymeric films have been widely employed due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Furthermore, they are non-invasive, easy to apply, allow gas exchange, and can be transparent. Among different methods for designing polymeric films, solvent casting represents a reliable, preferable, and highly used technique due to its easygoing and relatively low-cost procedure compared to sophisticated methods such as spin coating, microfluidic spinning, or 3D printing. Therefore, this review focuses on the polymeric dressings obtained using this technique, emphasizing the critical manufacturing factors related to pharmaceuticals, specifically discussing the formulation variables necessary to create wound dressings that demonstrate effective performance.

Risk evaluation and prioritization of contaminants of emerging concern and other organic micropollutants in two river basins of central Argentina.

A research gap exists in baseline concentrations of organic micropollutants in South American rivers. Identification of areas with different degrees of contamination and risk to the inhabitant biota is needed to improve management of freshwater resources. Here we inform the incidence and ecological risk assessment (ERA) of current used pesticides (CUPs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and cyanotoxins (CTX) measured in two river basins from central Argentina (South America). Risk Quotients approach was used for ERA differentiating wet and dry seasons. High risk was associated to CUPs in both basins (45 % and 30 % of sites from Suquía and Ctalamochita rivers, respectively), mostly in the basins extremes. Main contributors to risk in water were insecticides and herbicides in Suquía river and insecticides and fungicides in Ctalamochita river. In Suquía river sediments, a very high risk was observed in the lower basin, mainly from AMPA contribution. Additionally, 36 % of the sites showed very high risk of PCPPs in Suquía river water, with the highest risk downstream the wastewater treatment plant of Córdoba city. Main contribution was from a psychiatric drug and analgesics. In sediments medium risk was observed at the same places with antibiotics and psychiatrics as main contributors. Few data of PPCPs are available in the Ctalamochita river. The risk in water was low, with one site (downstream Santa Rosa de Calamuchita town) presenting moderated risk caused by an antibiotic. CTX represented in general medium risk in San Roque reservoir, with San Antonio river mouth and the dam exit showing high risk during the wet season. The main contributor was microcystin-LR. Priority chemicals for monitoring or further management include two CUPs, two PPCPs, and one CTX, demonstrating a significant input of pollutants to water ecosystems from different sources and the need to include organic micropollutants in current and future monitoring.

Network and Exploratory Factorial Analysis of the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test.

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder with a wide range of symptomatology. Existing instruments for its assessment have only a few items for each factor. The Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET) has been created to cover all depression symptoms at different times (month, year, and always) with several items for each facet. The content validity of this instrument has been judged by experts and, in this paper, we analyse its factorial structure and make a network analysis of it. The test (196 items) was administered to 602 adults without psychological disorders (Mage = 24.7, SD = 8.38, 72% women) both online and on paper. A network was estimated for each time point, using the absolute minimum selection and shrinkage operator. From the factor analysis, 12 factors were established for month, 11 for year, and 10 for always, leaving 94 items. The network analysis showed that the facets of depressive mood, anhedonia, and thoughts of Death, are central to all the estimated networks. The DCET is proposed as a valid and reliable multifactorial instrument to detect the variability of depressive symptoms in adults, guaranteeing its diagnostic usefulness.

Content Validity through Expert Judgment for the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test.

Background/Objective: The evaluation of depression requires valid and reliable measuring instruments, which collect a wide spectrum of symptoms that this disorder displays, in order to carry out an accurate and differential diagnosis. The objective of this work is the construction of the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET), where affective, somatic, cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal symptoms are considered and also analyze its content validity through an expert judgment. Method: Based on different diagnostic and manual classifications, a specification table for a depression test was established. In its evaluation, 16 experts in Psychological Assessment, Psychometry and/or Psychopathology participated. A total of 300 items were created. The experts had to assess the items according to the criteria of Content, Relevance, Clarity, Comprehension, Sensitivity, and Offensiveness. In addition, 50 adults, evaluated the compression of the items. Results: The degree of understanding for all the items was high and the expert judgment favoured the suppression of 104 items, thus obtaining a shorter measuring instrument with a total of 196 items for ease of application. Conclusions: The content validity of the test is adequate and fits the agreed definition of depression.

Antecedentes: La evaluación de la depresión requiere de instrumentos de medida válidos, fiables y que recojan el amplio espectro de síntomas que este trastorno conlleva, para poder llevar a cabo un diagnóstico certero y diferencial. El objetivo de este trabajo es la construcción del Test de Evaluación Clínica de la Depresión (TECD), que contempla síntomas afectivos, somáticos, cognitivos, conductuales e interpersonales, y analizar su validez de contenido a través de un juicio de expertos. Método: A partir de diferentes clasificaciones diagnósticas y manuales se estableció la tabla de especificación del test para este cuestionario de depresión. En la evaluación de este participaron 16 expertos en Evaluación Psicológica, Psicometría y/o Psicopatología. Se crearon 300 ítems en total, que los expertos tuvieron que valorar atendiendo a los criterios de Contenido, Relevancia, Claridad, Comprensión, Sensitividad y Ofensividad. Además, 50 adultos, valoraron la compresión de los items. Resultados: El grado de comprensión de todos los ítems fue elevado y el juicio de expertos supuso la supresión de 104 ítems, obteniendo así un instrumento de medida más breve, con 196 ítems en total, lo que facilitará su aplicación. Conclusiones: La validez de contenido del test es adecuada y se adapta a la definición de depresión establecida.

Vine Irrigation through Two Shoot Densities in Flavonoid and Non-Flavonoid Compounds in 'Tempranillo' Grapes.

This study aims to analyze the effects of non-limiting irrigation (I) vs. rainfed (R) through two different shoot densities, high-load (H) and low-load (L), on vegetative growth, agronomic parameters, flavonoid and non-flavonoid polyphenol substances of cv. Tempranillo grown in a semi-arid climate during three consecutive seasons (2014-2016). Under these conditions, in the 2015 and 2016 seasons, irrigation showed significant increases in berry weight (14.7% and 13.4% in H and L, respectively, in 2015, and 35.6% and 23.5% in the same treatments in 2016) and yield (66.7% and 48.5 in 2015; 27.9% and 177.5% in 2016). Additionally, a general decreasing trend is observed in anthocyanins with the exception of peonidin derivates, almost all flavonol compounds, cinnamic acid and resveratrol values with different degrees and statistical significance depending on the shoot density of the vines. A slight variation is observed in 2014 in these parameters. On the other hand, no general trends are established either in flavanol compounds or hydroxybenzoic acid. Thus, the effect of irrigation depends on the parameter considered, the shoot density of the vine and the season considered.

Content Validity through Expert Judgment for the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test / Validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos para el Test de Evaluación Clínica de la Depresión

AbstractBackground/Objective: The evaluation of depression requires valid and reliable measuring instruments, which collect a wide spectrum of symptoms that this disorder displays, in order to carry out an accurate and differential diagnosis. The objective of this work is the construction of the Depression Clinical Evaluation Test (DCET), where affective, somatic, cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal symptoms are considered and also analyze its content validity through an expert judgment. Method: Based on different diagnostic and manual classifications, a specification table for a depression test was established. In its evaluation, 16 experts in psychological evaluation, psychometry and/or psychopathology participated. A total of 300 items were created. The experts had to assess the items according to the criteria of Content, Relevance, Clarity, Comprehension, Sensitivity and Offensiveness. In addition, 50 adults, evaluated the compression of the items. Results: The degree of understanding for all the items was high and the expert judgment favoured the suppression of 104 items, thus obtaining a shorter measuring instrument with a total of 196 items for ease of application. Conclusions: The content validity of the test is adequate and fits the agreed definition of depression.

Antecedentes La evaluación de la depresión requiere de instrumentos de medida válidos, fiables y que recojan el amplio espectro de síntomas que este trastorno conlleva, para poder llevar a cabo un diagnóstico certero y diferencial. El objetivo de este trabajo es la construcción del Test de Evaluación Clínica de la Depresión (TECD), que contempla síntomas afectivos, somáticos, cognitivos, conductuales e interpersonales, y analizar su validez de contenido a través de un juicio de expertos. Método A partir de diferentes clasificaciones diagnósticas y manuales se estableció la tabla de especificación del test para este cuestionario de depresión. En la evaluación de este participaron 16 expertos en Evaluación Psicológica, Psicometría y/o Psicopatología. Se crearon 300 ítems en total, que los expertos tuvieron que valorar atendiendo a los criterios de Contenido, Relevancia, Claridad, Comprensión, Sensitividad y Ofensividad. Además, 50 adultos, valoraron la compresión de los items. Resultados El grado de comprensión de todos los ítems fue elevado y el juicio de expertos supuso la supresión de 104 ítems, obteniendo así un instrumento de medida más breve, con 196 ítems en total, lo que facilitará su aplicación. Conclusiones La validez de contenido del test es adecuada y se adapta a la definición de depresión establecida.

Modulation of muscle redox and protein aggregation rescues lethality caused by mutant lamins.

Mutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases called laminopathies, which includes muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The LMNA gene encodes lamins, filamentous proteins that form a meshwork on the inner side of the nuclear envelope. How mutant lamins cause muscle disease is not well understood, and treatment options are currently limited. To understand the pathological functions of mutant lamins so that therapies can be developed, we generated new Drosophila models and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the Drosophila models, muscle-specific expression of the mutant lamins caused nuclear envelope defects, cytoplasmic protein aggregation, activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 redox pathway, and reductive stress. These defects reduced larval motility and caused death at the pupal stage. Patient-derived cardiomyocytes expressing mutant lamins showed nuclear envelope deformations. The Drosophila models allowed for genetic and pharmacological manipulations at the organismal level. Genetic interventions to increase autophagy, decrease Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, or lower reducing equivalents partially suppressed the lethality caused by mutant lamins. Moreover, treatment of flies with pamoic acid, a compound that inhibits the NADPH-producing malic enzyme, partially suppressed lethality. Taken together, these studies have identified multiple new factors as potential therapeutic targets for LMNA-associated muscular dystrophy.

Estudio inmunológico en paciente con síndrome de Behcet: reporte de un caso / immunological study in a patient with Behcet Syndrome: a case report

Introducción: El síndrome de Behcet, o enfermedad de Behcet, es un proceso autoinflamatorio crónico, poco frecuente, de etiología desconocida. Es una vasculitis que afecta arterias y venas de todos los calibres, con alteración de la función endotelial, que se expresa clínicamente con lesiones orgánicas variadas. En su fisiopatogenia intervienen factores genéticos, microbianos e inmunológicos. Los síntomas más comunes son las úlceras orales y genitales, inflamaciones oculares (uveítis, retinitis e iritis), lesiones de piel y artritis. Objetivo: Evaluar diversos marcadores de la respuesta inmune en paciente con síndrome de Behcet. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino. 39 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad de Behcet con reactantes de fase aguda y marcadores serológicos de autoinmunidad negativa. Las subpoblaciones linfocitarias están dentro de los valores referenciales, sin evidencias de activación linfocitaria. La presencia de una doble población de linfocitos B y los antecedentes familiares, sugieren la existencia de una población de linfocitos B de autoreconocimiento y la posible presencia de factores genéticos, respectivamente. El paciente respondió favorablemente a la terapia con esteroides. Conclusiones: El estudio apoya el criterio de que, en condiciones basales, no se detectan marcadores humorales de autoinmunidad, alteraciones de los valores de las subpoblaciones linfocitarias, ni evidencias de activación linfocitaria, pero no se puede excluir la presencia de una población de linfocitos B de autoreconocimiento(AU)

Introduction: Behcet's syndrome, also known as Behcet's disease is a chronic autoinflammatory process of low frequency and unknown etiology. It's an all sizes arteries and veins affecting vasculitis that causes an alteration of endothelial function and is expressed clinically by organ damage at various levels. Its pathogenesis involves genetic, microbial and immunological factors. The most common symptoms are oral and genital ulcers, eye inflammation (uveitis, iritis and retinitis), skin lesions and arthritis. Objective: to evaluate several inmunological markers in a patient with Behcet syndrome. Case presentation: 39 years old masculine patientwith clinical diagnosis of Behcet disease with negative acute phase reactants and serological authoinmunity markers and lymphocyte populations within referential range, without evidences of lymphocyte activation. The presence of a double B lymphocyte population and familial background, suggest the presence of a self recognitionB lymphocyte population and the probable presence of genetic factors, respectively. There was a good response to steroids treatment. Conclusions: The study supports the idea that at baseline, not humoral autoimmunity markers, changes in the values of lymphocyte subpopulations, and evidence of lymphocyte activation is detected, but can not exclude the presence of a population of B lymphocytes self-recognition(AU)

Marco de referencia para la formación de competencias informacionales en el contexto cubano de las ciencias de la salud / Frame of reference for information competence training in the Cuban health sciences context

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo actualizar el marco de referencia para la formación de competencias informacionales en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se aborda la necesidad de incidir en la formación de competencias informacionales en los profesionales del Sistema Nacional de Salud, a partir de la identificación de elementos conceptuales y estructurales que deben actualizar las competencias núcleo definidas en el año 2008 y replanteadas en la actualidad, en correspondencia con los cambios que se han producido en la conceptualización de la alfabetización informacional. Esta actualización (adaptada al contexto actual cubano donde el conocimiento, las tecnologías y la innovación ocupan un lugar preponderante en el desarrollo de la sociedad( se basó en un sólido sustento metodológico, para que pueda ser utilizado en otros ámbitos que requieran dar solución a problemáticas similares. Con un enfoque cualitativo se utilizaron métodos científicos de nivel teórico y empírico; y en el proceso de solución del problema se utilizó el diagrama causa-efecto. Se aplicó un cuestionario a expertos. Se utilizó la triangulación como método de recolección de datos y se realizó el análisis de la información disponible. Como resultado se obtuvo una versión actualizada del marco de referencia para la formación de competencias informacionales en el sistema Nacional de Salud, lo que facilita y potencia el desarrollo de estas en los profesionales y técnicos en los servicios en Cuba(AU)

The purpose of the study was to update the frame of reference for information competence training in the National Health System. Attention is paid to the need to address the information competence training of professionals from the National Health System based on identification of conceptual and structural elements intended to update the core competences defined in the year 2008 and reinstated at present, in keeping with conceptual changes undergone by information literacy. Such update, adjusted as it is to the current Cuban context, where knowledge, technologies and innovation play a leading role in the development of society, was based on a solid methodological foundation, so that it may be used in other settings requiring solutions for similar problems. A qualitative analysis was performed using theoretical and empirical scientific methods, as well as the cause-effect diagram for the solution of the problem. A questionnaire was applied to experts. Data collection was based on the triangulation method and the available information was analyzed. The result obtained is an updated version of the frame of reference for information competence training in the National Health System, thus facilitating and strengthening their development among service professionals and technicians in Cuba(AU)

Whole-body bioconcentration and biochemical and morphological responses of gills of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or fipronil individually or in a mixture.

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the insecticide fipronil have been used widely in agriculture and detected in aquatic ecosystems, where they threaten wildlife. This study evaluated the whole-body bioconcentration and the biochemical and morphological changes in the gills of the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus exposed for 96 h to 2,4-D or fipronil as single compounds or as a mixture (2,4-D + fipronil). Fish exposed to either compound alone bioconcentrated 2,4-D (77 ± 23 ng g - 1 fish dry mass) and fipronil (789 ± 178 ng g - 1 fish dry mass). Fish exposed to 2,4-D + fipronil bioconcentrated fipronil (683 ± 73 ng g - 1 fish dry mass) but not 2,4-D. In the gills, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level increased after exposure to 2,4-D. GST activity increased after exposure to fipronil. Conversely, no changes occurred in CAT and GST activities and LPO upon exposure to 2,4-D + fipronil. Histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, cellular hypertrophy, epithelial lifting, and vascular congestion were frequent in the gills of fish exposed to 2,4-D or fipronil individually or 2,4-D + fipronil. The mitochondria-rich cell (MRC) density increased on gill surface in fish exposed to fipronil or 2,4-D + fipronil. Only exposure to 2,4-D alone induced oxidative stress in the gills. Most morphological changes showed defense responses against the pesticides; however, hypertrophy and the change in MRC indicated compensatory responses to maintain the gill osmoregulatory function. The 2,4-D + fipronil mixture showed antagonistic interaction, except for the MRC fractional area at gill surface, which showed synergistic interaction. This is the first report showing antagonistic interaction of 2,4-D and fipronil in the gills after exposing fish to the mixture of both pesticides. The biochemical and morphological changes in gills endanger the gill functions, a phenomenon that implies an energy cost for fish.

Profesionales de la información: actuación y retos durante el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 / Information professionals: undertakings and challenges during the fight against COVID-19

En el siglo xxi se han modificado sustancialmente las formas de creación y socialización de la información y el conocimiento. La ciencia abierta, la integración de los usuarios a la producción de contenidos en la web 2.0, la dispersión de la información en múltiples proveedores de contenidos, el cambio de paradigma en la comunicación científica y las nuevas estrategias de conocimiento inclusivas son solo algunos de los elementos que forman parte de esta modificación. Los profesionales de la información se enfrentan al reto de aprender continuamente y de adaptarse al cambio que se genera desde la esencia de cada disciplina −a partir de los procesos sociales, políticos, económicos, comunicacionales y medioambientales− y se han convertido en actores esenciales que participan en disímiles escenarios desde su posición de intermediarios de la información. En el año 2014, la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones e Instituciones Bibliotecarias (IFLA) hizo referencia a la importancia del acceso a la información para el desarrollo sostenible, al plantear que los intermediarios de la información, como las bibliotecas, archivos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, líderes comunitarios y medios de comunicación tienen la capacidad y recursos para ayudar a los gobiernos, instituciones e individuos a transmitir, organizar, estructurar y comprender la información que es importante para el desarrollo.1 Aunque hoy se valora mucho más la importancia de la labor de los profesionales de la información, estos han ocupado un lugar esencial en diferentes escenarios históricos desde los tiempos de la biblioteca de Alejandría. A finales del año 2019, bajo circunstancias diferentes, la humanidad comenzó a sentir el azote de la COVID-19, una terrible enfermedad que fue caracterizada el 11 de marzo del año 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una pandemia.2) Desde sus inicios se estimó que nos enfrentaríamos a un escenario global que, a corto y mediano plazo, incluiría de forma intermitente medidas de distanciamiento social.3 Ante esta emergencia de salud crecen exponencialmente los grupos de colaboración en diferentes regiones del mundo y ha variado su composición, así como la forma de producir y socializar el conocimiento. Especialistas de diferentes disciplinas se unen en un propósito común: aportar conocimientos y socializar experiencias para contener la enfermedad en una época matizada por el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), el uso intensivo de Internet y una producción de contenidos en diferentes formatos y desde diferentes estructuras organizacionales. Las TIC han provocado, o al menos han acelerado, una revolución de amplio alcance en nuestra civilización, que gira en torno a la transformación de los mecanismos de producción, almacenamiento, difusión y acceso a la información, en las formas y los flujos comunicativos entre las personas, así como en los lenguajes expresivos y de representación de la cultura y el conocimiento.4 Grupos de expertos y científicos documentan y publican sus resultados, y los profesionales de la información son una pieza clave en este empeño global de ganar la batalla a la COVID-19. Su actuación tiene un enfoque renovado y adaptado a las circunstancias actuales con prioridad en: Localizar bases de datos y sitios especializados que publiquen información actualizada sobre COVID-19, con énfasis en la satisfacción de las necesidades de información de grupos de usuarios (clínicos, epidemiólogos, microbiólogos, matemáticos, sociólogos, psicólogos, entre otros), identificando, además, la información útil para la ciudadanía desde portales especializados. El acceso y la recuperación de información validada con criterios de pertinencia definidos es esencial para mantener actualizados a los usuarios y apoyar la generación de nuevos conocimientos en determinadas comunidades de práctica. Diseñar servicios virtuales que permitan el acceso a la información científica utilizando las ventajas de las tecnologías de la información, garantizando el flujo continuo de la información, cumpliendo con el necesario distanciamiento social y el cierre de los servicios presenciales en los periodos críticos de la pandemia. Reconocer los cambios que se dan en el proceso de comunicación científica y orientar a los autores la forma más precisa para publicar sus resultados científicos, acortando los tiempos entre la producción del conocimiento y su socialización a la comunidad científica. Entender la desinformación como una amenaza a la integridad de la información que se genera en determinados contextos, y que requiere que profesionales de la salud, especialistas de información y comunicadores organicen alianzas para mitigar los rumores y la desinformación sobre la COVID-19.5 Reconocer la necesidad de identificar las noticias falsas y alertar a la comunidad de usuarios sobre lo nocivo que resulta el uso de esta información. Las noticias falsas son una cuestión de conocimientos básicos en materia de información. Los profesionales de las bibliotecas y de la información deben comprender, debatir y abordar esta cuestión como un aspecto que está directamente relacionado con la profesión.6 Investigar sobre las particularidades de la gestión de la información y el conocimiento en el contexto del enfrentamiento a la COVID-19, determinar regularidades y publicar los resultados en revistas de la especialidad. Continuar, desde los espacios virtuales, formando competencias informacionales, y contribuir a modelar el comportamiento informacional de los grupos de usuarios. Integrarse a grupos de colaboración multidisciplinarios, asumiendo el modelo participativo y de construcción colectiva, y realizar aportes desde el conocimiento de las ciencias de la información, la comunicación y la generación de la información y el conocimiento. Los profesionales de la información, ante situaciones extremas como esta, tienen el deber de integrarse a nuevas formas de aprendizaje, actuar con urgencia y adaptarse a los cambios. Estar preparados para construir los servicios desde las necesidades de grupos de usuarios que requieren sistematizar el conocimiento que se genera en dominios del conocimiento o comunidades discursivas diferentes. Desaprender viejos paradigmas y dar paso a lo renovado, desarrollando el pensamiento crítico, la innovación y la creatividad. La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha ocasionado grandes desafíos, algunos de ellos relacionados con la gestión, el manejo y la visibilidad de la información. Los profesionales de las instituciones de información enfrentaron el reto de tener que reorganizar sus servicios en un breve tiempo, con un componente tecnológico esencial para lograr la virtualidad ante la necesidad del distanciamiento físico.7 El reto continuo es la preparación para otras contingencias; la contribución −desde el uso oportuno de la información− a labrar el camino del conocimiento, eje esencial de la sociedad moderna. Importantes atributos como la creatividad, la innovación, la proactividad y un elevado dominio de las tecnologías de la información, condicionarán el éxito de este empeño(AU)

The Antioxidant Effect of Colombian Berry (Vaccinium meridionale Sw.) Extracts to Prevent Lipid Oxidation during Pork Patties Shelf-Life.

A scarce amount of knowledge about the use of Colombian berry (CB) in meat products is available in the literature. This work studies the impact of the addition of CB extracts (CBE) on pork patties at three different concentrations in the range 250-750 mg/kg. CBE were characterized in terms of their polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, half maximal inhibitory antioxidant concentration (IC50), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) tests)]. After pork patties elaboration, instrumental and sensorial colour, as well as lipid oxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBARS) values, were evaluated for 10 days of refrigerated storage in a modified atmosphere (80% O2-20% CO2). The total anthocyanin composition represented 35% of the polyphenolic substances of the CBE, highlighting high contents in cyanidin derivatives. Additionally, other flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol compounds) and phenolics acids, substances positively related to antioxidant activity, were identified and quantified. In addition, the incorporation of CBE resulted in improvements in colour and lipid stability of pork patties, especially for the highest concentration used. Our findings demonstrated that CBE could be added to pork patties without impairing their sensorial profile. Overall, our results indicate that the use of CBE as a source of natural antioxidant, natural colourant, or even as a functional ingredient could be promising, but more studies are necessary to confirm it.

Different antibiotic profiles in wild and farmed Chilean salmonids. Which is the main source for antibiotic in fish?

Fish from both aquaculture and wild capture are exposed to veterinary and medicinal antibiotics (ABs). This study explored the occurrence and probable source of 46 antibiotic residues in muscle of farmed salmon and wild trout from Chile. Results showed that at least one AB was detected in all studied samples. Diverse patterns were observed between farmed and wild specimens, with higher ABs concentrations in wild fish. Considering antimicrobial resistance, detected ABs corresponded to the categories B (Restrict), C (Caution) and D (Prudence) established by Antimicrobial Advice Ad Hoc Expert Group (European Medicines Agency). Multivariate statistic was used to verify differences between farmed and wild populations, looking for the probable source of ABs as well. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, penicillin G, oxolinic acid, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and clarithromycin were associated with wild samples, collected during the cold season. Conversely, norfloxacin, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, penicillin V, doxycycline, flumequine, oxacillin, pipemidic acid and sulfamethizole were associated with wild samples collected during the warm season. All farmed salmon samples were associated with ofloxacin, tetracycline, cephalexin, erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, sulfabenzamide, sulfamethazine, sulfapyridine, sulfisomidin, and sulfaguanidine. In addition, linear discriminant analysis showed that the AB profile in wild fish differ from farmed ones. Most samples showed ABs levels below the EU regulatory limit for edible fish, except for sulfaquinoxaline in one sample. Additionally, nitrofurantoin (banned in EU) was detected in one aquaculture sample. The differences observed between farmed and wild fish raise questions on the probable source of ABs, either aquaculture or urban anthropic activities. Further research is necessary for linking the ABs profile in wild fish with the anthropic source. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report showing differences in the ABs profile between wild and aquaculture salmonids, which could have both environmental and health consequences.

Accelerating Aging of White and Red Wines by the Application of Hydrostatic High Pressure and Maceration with Holm Oak (Quercus ilex) Chips. Influence on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The use of holm oak (Quercus ilex) chips as a potential alternative wood and the application of hydrostatic high pressure (HHP) as an alternative technique to accelerate the release to the wine of wood-related compounds within a short processing time were evaluated. METHODS: Five treatments were investigated: (i) bottling without any treatment (B); (ii) and (iii) bottling after maceration (5 g/L) of holm oak chips with HHP treatments (400 MPa, 5 and 30 min) (HHP5, HHP30); (iv) bottling after maceration during 45 days with chips (M), and; (v) maceration in tanks without chips (T). The effects of treatments on general parameters, polyphenols, color, and sensorial characteristics of red and white wines were investigated over 180 days. RESULTS: HHP5, HHP30, and M increased the polyphenols content, thus modified the chromatic characteristics regarding B and M treatments of white wines, also the tasters differentiated HHP5, HHP30, and M from B and T. However, these effects were not observed in red wines. Thus, the effect of the wood depends on the type of wine in which it is used. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to better knowledge about these chips as a new alternative wood species and the use of HHP as a useful technology to accelerate the aging of wines.

Auditoría del conocimiento en el Departamento de Docencia e Investigaciones del Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Cuba / Knowledge audit at the Teaching and Research Department of the National Medical Sciences Information Center of Cuba

Los procesos de docencia e investigación constituyen un soporte esencial en la sociedad actual, donde prevalece una cultura de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y el progreso hacia una investigación más social y abierta. Para dar respuesta a este reto es primordial estudiar los activos intangibles existentes en un momento y tiempo determinados en una institución o departamento docente, con el propósito de definir estrategias orientadas a elevar la capacidad de los profesores e investigadores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo auditar el conocimiento organizacional de los trabajadores del Departamento de Docencia e Investigación del Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas de Cuba, como parte de un estudio general que se realizó en los segmentos técnicos de la institución. Para esto se realizó una investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptiva entre mayo y junio del año 2018. Se aplicó una encuesta ajustada a las características de las actividades docentes e investigativas y se realizaron encuentros con todos los trabajadores. Se identificaron los elementos que caracterizan la gestión del conocimiento de los miembros del departamento, como son los conocimientos, las habilidades y las actitudes para conducir los procesos en los que están involucrados, y que habitualmente socializan tanto en la organización como en el entorno nacional e internacional. Se identifica como barrera la poca visibilidad en las redes sociales profesionales. Se requiere trazar estrategias para crear capacidades en el desarrollo de los procesos docentes e investigativos del Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas(AU)

Teaching and learning processes are essential cornerstones of present day society, characterized as it is by a predominance of a lifetime learning culture and the progress to more social and open research. A response to such a challenge necessarily includes the study of the intangible assets existing at a given moment and time in a teaching department or institution, with the purpose of defining strategies aimed at improving the capacities of teachers and researchers. The purpose of the study was to audit the organizational knowledge of the members of the Teaching and Research Department, as part of a more general analysis of the technical areas at the National Medical Sciences Information Center of Cuba. To achieve such an end, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted from May to June 2018. A survey was applied which was adjusted to the characteristics of teaching and research activities, and meetings were held with all the employees. Identification was made of the elements characterizing knowledge management among department members, including knowledge, skills and attitudes to conduct the processes they are involved in and habitually socialize in the organization and in national and international environments. Poor visibility in professional social networks was identified as a barrier. Capacity-building strategies should be developed in the conduct of teaching and research processes at the National Medical Sciences Information Center(AU)

Validation of the Bar-On EQ-i: YV (S) Inventory in Its Spanish Version: Gender-Based Invariance Analysis.

The purpose of this work is to verify the factorial structure and analyze the reliability of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i): Youth Version (YV) (S) by evaluating emotional intelligence in a more extensive sample of Spanish adolescents than has been used to date, since this inventory has been employed in various studies but with a very limited number of participants. For this study, 5292 adolescents from all over Spain participated-male (51.2%) and female (48.8%) secondary education students between 11 and 19 years old, with an average age of 14.33. Data analysis included a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability analysis, and model invariance as a function of gender. The CFA confirms that the data empirically support the theoretical model and that the goodness-of-fit indexes are adequate. The reliability analysis of the inventory presents a Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale of 0.76, and reliability indexes for each of the factors range between 0.63 and 0.80. The findings show that the model indicates invariance related to gender.

[Perinatal mental health in chilean mothers]. / Salud mental en madres en el período perinatal.

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy and postpartum are periods of increased vulnerability for the development of maternal mental health disorders, that have a negative impact on maternal-infant interaction and health. Most studies have focused on depression, with anxiety being less studied, despite its high prevalence. Ob jectives: to evaluate the prevalence of positive screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of women seen in public primary health centers in Chile, and the association of these symp toms with specific risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: 158 women completed self-report questionnai res (Edinburgh Scale and Perinatal Anxiety Scale) during the third trimester of gestation and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The prevalence and evolution of symptoms were analyzed, as well as possible differences in mental health associated with sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: During the perina tal period, there was a prevalence between 41.3% and 44.3% of elevated anxiety symptoms and 13.9% to 20.9% for elevated symptoms of depression at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The study highlights the associations between perceived support, maternal educational level, and history of spontaneous abortion with maternal mental health during the transition to motherhood. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal perinatal symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent. Initiatives to identify women at risk and to promote protective factors, such as social support, are necessary to increase the well-being of women and their families.

Servicios de la biblioteca de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en tiempo de la COVID-19 / The services of the Medical Library of the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos during the confrontation with COVID-19

RESUMEN Introducción: el surgimiento de la nueva pandemia COVID-19, exige que las bibliotecas médicas adquieran, perfeccionen y desarrollen nuevos métodos de trabajo. Ante la crítica situación epidemiológica mundial se exige que realicen un papel activo y de acompañamiento durante el desarrollo de los procesos docentes, asistenciales e investigativos. Objetivo: describir el funcionamiento de los servicios de la Biblioteca Médica de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos durante el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, realizado en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, Cuba, entre el 1 de abril al 31 de mayo de 2020 y con una población de 103 estudiantes y 35 profesores. Los datos se recogieron en el modelo estadístico. Resultados: para la prestación de los servicios presenciales durante esta etapa se implementaron medidas de prevención y control de la COVID-19. Estudiantes y profesores de la carrera de Medicina fueron los que más visitaron la biblioteca durante este período (54.1%). La navegación por el Aula Virtual de Salud fue el servicio más demandado con un 34.1%, resultado que se fundamenta al estar el proceso docente - educativo sustentado en la educación a distancia. Conclusiones: ante esta situación que enfrenta hoy la humanidad la Biblioteca Médica de la UCMC ha demostrado que a través de un proceso organizado y planificado se puede brindar servicios que contribuyan al desarrollo de la docencia, la investigación y la asistencia médica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the emergence of the new pandemic, COVID-19, requires that medical libraries acquire, perfect and develop new working methods. Given the critical global epidemiological situation, they are required to play an active and accompanying role during the development of teaching, care and research processes. Objective: to describe the operation of the services of the Medical Library of the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos during the confrontation with COVID-19. Method: descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cuba. Between April 1 to May 31, 2020 and with a population of 103 students and 35 teachers. The data was collected in the statistical model. Results: for the provision of face-to-face services during this stage, prevention and control measures of COVID-19 were implemented. Students and professors from the Medicine career were the ones who visited the library the most during this period (54.1%). Navigation through the Virtual Health Classroom was the most demanded service with 34.1%, a result that is based on the fact that the teaching - educational process is based on distance education. Conclusions: Faced with this situation that humanity faces today the UCMC Medical Library, have shown that through an organized and planned process, services can be provided that contribute to the development of teaching, research and medical assistance.